Legalizing Prostitution Essay - 1748 Words

Prostitution has been a part of our worlds culture since the beginning of time, and is the worlds oldest profession. Prostitution is defined by the Webster dictionary as â€Å"the act or practice of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations especially for money.† If prostitution were legalized, there would a reduction in sex crimes, American citizens would have the freedom to choose any profession within the sex industry and it would provide economic benefits for the local and federal governments, as well as the population. According to Jacqueline Barnhart in her book, â€Å"The Fair but Frail,† there is an increase of sex crimes in locations where prostitution was made legal. She also argues legalized prostitution promotes and contributes to†¦show more content†¦The attempt to force a connection between prostitution and sex crimes, such as sex trafficking, does not make sense. In 2009, the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit of the United States Department of Ju stice reported charging 114 people with human trafficking offenses. Out of the 114 people, there were only 43 human trafficking prosecutions. Of those 43, only 22 were for sex trafficking. In 2008, more than 50 people were charged when Phoenix, Arizona police took down a prostitution organization (Arizona Republic). Obviously, the rate of prostitution and the rate of prostitution do not correlate with each other. There are more prostitutes operating in the United States versus the number of people being brought to the United States by way of human trafficking, strictly for the purposes of working in the sex industry. By keeping prostitution illegal, it keeps the doors open for a victimless crime to have many victims. Many prostitutes are people looking for a way to get out of a certain situation they are in, but do not have the skill set for what society considers a better quality job. These people then turn to prostitution in hopes of making money, earning a living and getting an e ducation (Reynolds, 13). Prostitutes could become victims of their own career choice. Prostitutes who are beaten or abused by clients are often scared to report the crime to the police in fear they will be charged with a crime instead. As Reynolds points out, there are no real lawsShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Prostitution635 Words   |  3 PagesMany people consider legalizing prostitution as â€Å"opening Pandora’s box,† because prostitution is a profession people consider ‘immoral.’ Prostitution has no good sense about it. Many prostitutes are forced to work on the street, and many take drugs, not to mention that they help spread diseases such as the infamous HIV AIDS. So why would countries like Germany and Holland legalize such a forbidden profession? The answer? They look at the bigger picture. It is a known fact that prostitutes makeRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Prostitution1700 Words   |  7 PagesReleasing laws on prostitution †¦ specifically, legalizing this area of the sex industry, will create a profound impact on society. While halotry (as it was once commonly called) has its detractors and negative connotations, the benefits outway the problems society consistently point out. Society at large questions the merits of legalizing prostitution, when in fact there are several advantages legalization could create. At a minimum, legalizing harlotry will make the job significantly safer and keepRead MoreThe Benefits Of Legalizing Prostitution1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Benefits of Legalizing Prostitution Prostitution is supposedly the oldest profession in the world. It is legal in some countries, such as the United Kingdom and Germany. However, in the majority of the world, prostitution is illegal. The legalization of prostitution has become a popular dispute between what is morally right and wrong. There would be economic benefits in the amount of revenue that governments generate if prostitution were to become a legal line of work. However, many people areRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Prostitution1823 Words   |  8 Pages Nowadays, prostitution is regarded as a taboo subject for most of the people. It was considered to be harmful with hidden criminal behavior. Despite of being regarded as a bad industry, prostitution is a billion-dollar industry throughout the world. A large number of men and women got enrolled in the prostitution market as suppliers and consumers. As today in US, Nevada is the only one state which provides legal prostitution with laws limited while other stat es consider prostitution as outlaw andRead MoreEssay On Legalizing Prostitution1786 Words   |  8 PagesTimeless Profession Prostitution is known to be the world’s oldest profession, yet people in every state of the nation except Nevada are arrested, thrown in jail, and punished for this victimless crime. In today’s society, â€Å"The older we get the more labels and categories we collect† (Gay 3). Prostitutes suffer from the labels imposed upon them. Their jobs are judged as immoral, when if fact, they are legitimate. The best solution to these problems is by legalizing prostitution. The legalization ofRead MoreAdvantages of Legalizing Prostitution1749 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. When analyzing the sex trade, the factors of cultural precedence, philosophy, religionRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Prostitution927 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing prostitution! A way for the American government to create job opportunities for the American women that chooses this profession. Prostitution is legal in many countries, so why not all of the United States? Prostitution should not be a crime! Sex is not a crime. Exchanging of money is not a crime. So, why should the two combined be a crime? Women can have sex with as many people as she wants in her private life, it’s her body and her choice. So what if she charges for it. She is providingRead MoreLegalizing Prostitution in Britain Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesLegalizing Prostitution in Britain Apparently if you go back through history, as far back as you can, as far back as we have records, you will find evidence of people selling sex for personal gain. It seems that prostitution has been around for a very long time and that the sex industry was thriving at least a few thousand years before the Industrial Revolution; a good deal longer than its name suggests. So, it comes as no shock to discover that, many people considerRead MoreLegalizing Prostitution : The Pornography Industry Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing prostitution will expand the pornography industry. First of all, prostitution and pornography has the relationship in the sex industry activity. This relationship will share the same three factors: a seller (pimp/producer/manager), a person being sold (prostitute/porn actress/stripper) and a buyer (john/porn viewer/club patron). So what kind of relationship between pornography and prostitution? Has it to be the cause and effect relationship? It s impossible to say definitively that watchingRead More10 Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution4323 Words   |  18 Pages10 Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution Janice G. Raymond Coalition Against Trafficking in Women International (CATW) March 25, 2003 The following arguments apply to all state-sponsored forms of prostitution, including but not limited to full-scale legalization of brothels and pimping, decriminalization of the sex industry, regulating prostitution by laws such as registering or mandating health checks for women in prostitution, or any system in which prostitution is recognized as sex work or

The Glass Menagerie - Amanda Wingfield Essay - 767 Words

The Glass Menagerie - Amanda Wingfield If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee -Williams’s dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle. Amanda is a clear representative of this type. In general, a Tennessee Williams faded belle is from a prominent Southern family, has received a traditional upbringing, and has suffered a reversal of economic and social fortune at some point in her life. Like Amanda, these women all have a hard time coming to terms with their new status in society—and indeed, with modern society in general, which disregards the social distinctions that they were taught to value. Their relationships with men and their families are turbulent, and they staunchly defend the†¦show more content†¦Unlike them, she is convinced that she is not doing so and, consequently, is constantly making efforts to engage with people and the world outside her family. Amanda’s monologues to her children, on the phone, and to Jim all reflect quite clearly her moral and psychological failings, but they are also some of the most colorful and unforgettable words in the play. The essence of Amanda’s character is caught in her first speech. She seems to need to nag at her children, especially Tom, and she is not even aware that she is nagging. Essentially, she must have something to talk about, and she nags at Tom about little things because she fears that she has lost or is losing him as far as the big things, the significant things, in life are concerned. Amanda’s sense of unreality is caught in these first episodes as she lives in a world of servants and gentlemen callers. Always her language suggests another time and place. Note that all of Amanda’s so-called gentlemen callers either came from the wealthy or became wealthy. The question will arise as to whether she actually had these callers or not. Amanda might have been somewhat popular, but it is almost inconceivable to believe that she actually did have as many as seventeen gentlemen callers. But what is important is that Amanda now believes this story so strongly that the gentlemen callers have become a reality for her. The scene ends again onShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1637 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams is a play about desire to escape and this concept is conveyed through a variety of techniques and ideas shown in this play of exploration by the playwright, Tom Wingfield. First, Jim tries to escape his engagement by having a romantic night with Laura. Then, Tom’s father escapes for the same reasons Tom did. Thirdly, according to Roger Boxill from ‘The Glass Menagerie’ Amanda escapes by reminiscing â€Å"Blue Mountain ... And the seventeen gentleman callersRead More Escape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEscape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, all four members of the Wingfield family have chosen to hide from reality. Amanda tries to relive her past through Laura, and denies anything she does not want to accept. Laura is terrified of the real world, and choses to hide behind her limp, her glass menagerie and the victrola. Tom hides from his reality by going to the movies, writing poetry, and getting drunk. Mr Wingfield hides from his realityRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams867 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw the line between getting what you want and doing what you are obligated to do? In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main characters are torn between fulfilling their desires and aligning with their role in society. On the surface, Amanda Wingfield plays the role of a caring mother that would do anything in her children’s best interest. However, according to the play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, you should never be fooled by the â€Å"Illusion of the truth.† She indeed values her children’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play The Glass Menagerie 1281 Words   |  6 PagesDevin Simpson Professor Carusp The Glas Menagerie 4/29/15 Within the play The Glass Menagerie, Amanda, Laura, and Tom Wingfield all of have their own dreams that are continuously destroyed by the harshness of reality. Amanda, stuck in the ease of her youth, tries to relive her life through her daughter Laura. Being crippled both physically and mentally, Laura struggles to escape the bubble she has created around herself that her mother Amanda so strongly tries to force her out of. Tom whom, althoughRead MoreTheme Of Illusion In The Glass Menagerie1293 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Play† of 1945 (drama critics). Here, the narrator and protagonist of The Glass Menagerie presents the audience immediately with the notion that the play in which the audience is about to watch is actually truth disguised as illusion. As the audience later finds out, The Glass Menagerie is actually Tom’s memory of the events leading up to his departure from his mother, Amanda, and sister, Laura. As The Glass Menagerie is a memory play, based on Tomâ⠂¬â„¢s memory, the characters within the play are simplyRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams932 Words   |  4 Pages THE GLASS MENAGERIE Name Instructor Institution Course Date The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, the author in the play †The Glass Menagerie† that is based on his life that presents characters that, as caught animals in an cage, live in woeful states and just wish to unravel themselves from this state (Fisher, 2010). The primary clash in the story emerges through their longing to encounter a different world, but their condition opens them to life s unforgiving realities. LifeRead More Essay on Escape in The Glass Menagerie1047 Words   |  5 PagesEscape in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, none of the characters are capable of living in the real world. Laura, Amanda, Tom and Jim use various methods to escape the brutalities of life. Laura retreats into a world of glass animals and old gramophone records. Amanda is obsessed with living in her past. Tom escapes into his world of poetry writing and movies. Jim also reverts to his past and remembers the days when he was a hero. Laura retreats intoRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead MoreEssay about Card Report- The Glass Menagerie1270 Words   |  6 PagesCard Report: â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Conflict The major conflict in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† is the feeling of hopelessness that each of the Wingfield’s struggles with. Amanda’s hopelessness comes from the feeling that she isn’t as important as she once was, as though her fame/glory is slowly fading away. It is this fear that causes her to push Laura to become more socially accepted and popular with others. Laura is extremely afraid of seeing Jim O’Connor, and beneath that we can see her insecuritiesRead MoreSymbols in the Glass Menagerie1307 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play, The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, Williams uses many symbols which represent many different things.?Many of the symbols used in the play try to symbolize some form of escape or difference between reality and illusion.?The first symbol, presented in the first scene, is the fire escape.?This represents the bridge between the illusory world of the Wingfields and the world of reality.?This bridge seems to be a one way excursion.?But the direction varies for each character.

The Neanderthal Man In Retrospect Free Essays

We have always been fascinated by Darwin and his theories of evolution. With so many â€Å"schools of thought† of how the earth came into existence, it seemed impossible to narrow down our choices, analyze each theory, and prove everything that it postulates. It was a clear indication that the search for our ancestors, and the â€Å"missing link† will continue until an answer is sought. We will write a custom essay sample on The Neanderthal Man In Retrospect or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, will we ever find out? For now, that remains to be seen. The Neanderthal man is believed to be one of the â€Å"missing links† in our ancestry. Like the Cro-Magnon man, Peking man, and Java man, this â€Å"species† became extinct 32,000 years ago. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the Neanderthal man and the possible theories that might have led to his extinction. The remains of the Neanderthal man, also known as Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis, was discovered in 1856 by workers quarrying for limestone in Neander Valley, Dusseldorf, Germany. These fossils were also found in other parts of Europe and Asia. They were considered a subspecies of humans because upon examination, they had features that are almost similar with humans, except for heavy brow ridges, a long low skull, and a robust skeleton (Foley, 2002). Neanderthals were shorter than the modern man, and as previously stated, had prominent brow ridges. Aside from that, they had low, sloping foreheads, a chinless and heavy, forward-jutting jaw, extremely large front teeth, wider shoulders and pelvis, more conical rib cage, and shorter forearms and lower legs (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2005). Some scientists, majority of which are paleoanthropoloists, claim that these were not a subspecies of humans because of their more â€Å"primitive† appearance. According to Stringer and Gamble (1993), the Neanderthals are a late form of Homo erectus or a descendant of that species. It was believed that the Neanderthals have been living in Europe 200,000 years before the Homo sapiens arrived (BBC News, 2007).In van der Dennen’s Book Review Essay on Neanderthal Man (2005), he stated that: This was the first evidence of a distinct (and now extinct) species or subspecies of human, Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis, that lived during the later part of the Pleistocene epoch, more familiarly known as the Ice Age, some 200,000 to 30,000 years ago. During 1917, Emil Bachler, in one of his excavations in the mountains of Switzerland, found no fossils of the Neanderthals (Van der Dennen, 2005). However, Mousterian tools and the remains of many cave bears were in abundance. Mousterian tools were most closely associated with Neanderthals. Bachler also felt that the bones and the tools were part of a ritual, and believed that the Neanderthals practice some sort of   â€Å"bear cult† (Van der Dennen, 2005). This led to the notion that the Neanderthals, like humans, had some form of communication and â€Å"culture†. When the fossil of this subspecies was studied by world-renowned pathologist and anatomist, Rudolf Virchow, he found out that the remains had evidence of rickets and osteoporosis, and he attributed this to the ape-like appearance of Neanderthals. Rickets and Osteoporosis is a manifestation of Vitamin D deficiency. Francis Ivanhoe (1970) in his paper supported Virchow’s   statement and postulated that the disease causes skeletal deformities and enlargement of the liver and spleen (Thompson, 2002). This maybe true because in the Pleistocene epoch, more commonly referred to as the â€Å"IceAge†, sunlight was a rarity. Vitamin D, in itself is stored in an inactive form and in order for it to be utilized by the body, it needs to be converted to its active form by UV rays (good source, sunlight). Therefore, it is not surprising that a number of fossils recovered during this era had evidence of bone deformities. However, Trinkaus and Shipman (1992), claimed that Neanderthal features are not caused by these bone diseases and argued that the bones of the 1st Neanderthal, were about 50% thicker than the average modern man. Klein (1989), supported this idea by comparing the long bones of Neanderthals and those of rickets’ victims. He claimed that both of their long bones are more curved than normal but rickets causes a sideways curvature of the femur, while Neanderthal femurs curve backwards. If Neanderthals are more human than ape, then it should follow that these subspecies should have survived today. Surprisingly, this is not the case. One of the earliest theories of the extinction believe that the â€Å"Ice Age† era, with its harsh climate, could have killed the Neanderthals. It points out that during this period, it was not only the climate that affected them, but the scarcity of resources were a factor as well. However, Professor Katerina Harvati, a palaeoanthroplogist from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Germany, said: â€Å"The more controversial date of circa 24,000 years ago, places the last Neanderthals just before a major climate shift that would have been characterised by a large expansion of ice sheets and the onset of cold conditions in northern Europe† (Morrelle, 2007). Another theory is is the â€Å"candelabra model† or â€Å"multiregional evolution† theory. According to Trinkaus and Shipman (1992): â€Å"Though the evidence in different regions of the Old World records genuinely different events, nowhere is there evidence for violent confrontations between Neandertals and modern humans (myths notwithstanding). The mosaic of local evolution, migration, admixture, absorption, or local extinction of Neandertals was a complex process that occurred over the last 10,000 years† (p.416). But, Tattersall (2005), in his book, had another theory. He is convinced that the extinction of Homo neanderthalensis was brought about by the arrival of the more intelligent and   more adaptable Homo sapiens, and that the latter killed the race of the former. On his book he wrote: â€Å"It is vanishingly unlikely, however, that peaceful assimilation was an overall option, with groups of the two kinds of humans [the resident Homo neanderthalensis and the invading Homo sapiens or Cro-Magnons] exchanging members when they met and going their separate ways, or joining forces. More likely, perhaps, if intermixing is to be considered at all, is a scenario of well-equipped and cunning Homo sapiens descending on Neanderthal groups, killing the males – through strategy and guile, certainly not through strength – and abducting the females†(p. 202). However, there was no evidence of large scale killings (Richards, 1987), and the theory of â€Å"Biological displacement† was proposed. It states that the Neanderthals and modern man (Cro-Magnons), coexisted and lived side by side. But, due to the fact that humans are much more intelligent than these subspecies, they might have indirectly led to the extinction of Neanderthals by driving them away from their territories. These led to occasional violence between the groups, but, as expected the humans won, driving them to places with insufficient resources for sustenance. Ironicallly, the very species that are studying these Neanderthals are the cause of their extinction. Works Cited â€Å"Neanderthal Man.† Columbia Encyclopedia 6th edition. 2005. Foley, Jim. â€Å"Creationist Arguments: Neandertals† 31 October 2002. Talkorigins. 14 September 2007 http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/a_neands.html Ivanhoe, Francis. â€Å"Was Virchow Right About Neanderthal?† 1970. Nature, 227:577-579 Klein, Richard. The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins. 1989. Morrelle, Rebecca. â€Å"Neanderthal Climate Link Debated†. 13 September 2007 BBC News. 15 September 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6992721.stm Richards, G. Human Evolution: An Introduction for the Behavioural Sciences. 1987. Stringer, Andrew and Clive Gamble. In Search of Neanderthals. 1993. Tattersall, Ian. The Last Neanderthal: The Rise, Success, and Mysterious Extinction of Our Closest Human Relatives. 2005. Thompson, Bert. â€Å"Neanderthal Man – Another Look.† May 2002. Apologetics Press. 15 September 2007 http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/491 Trinkaus, E., and P. Shipman. The Neanderthals: Changing the Images of   Mankind. 1992. Van der Dennen, Johan. â€Å"The Continuing Essay of Neanderthal Man: Book Essay.† 2005. Rechten University of Goningen. 15 September 2007 http://rechten.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/departments/Algemeen/overigepublicaties/2005enouder/NEANDER/NEANDER.pdf â€Å"The Day We Learned To Think – Programme Summary.† 20 February 2007. BBC News. 14 September 2007 http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/learnthink.shtml    How to cite The Neanderthal Man In Retrospect, Essay examples

Fashion Strategic Marketing Communications

Question: Discuss about the Fashion Strategic Marketing Communications. Answer: Introduction Each organisation requires promoting their brand identity in a significant manner. The effective brand promotion strategy helps in drawing the customers attention in order to participate in the competitive scenario. According to (), brand communication is the effective initiatives undertaken by the organisations to promote the brand among the customers. Before implementing the communication plan, the organisation requires identifying the target customers at the first place. The integrated marketing communication is mainly focusing on the increasing rate of the sales ratio and the cost effectiveness. In this study, the discussion of the integrated marketing communication plan will be discussed. The communication objectives will be analysed to formulate the communication objectives. The alternative style will also be selected to determine the structured communication plan. Reviewing such plan, the proper media will be selected for the business. Organisation Background Cotton On is the fashion retail sector in the Australian market. Having established in 1991, the company started focusing on the brand promotions more specifically. The vision of the company is to establish the passionate brand identity and deliver the on-trend basics to the customers (Cottonon.com 2016). The company has been bringing much innovation to the business communication process in order to promote the brand much significantly. The association of the effective media channel is also one of the most significant functionalities that are effective enough to draw the attention of the customers. The mission of the company is to become the responsive and innovative brand within a market. Cotton On does not compromise with the quality of the clothes. The brand is committed to maintain the affordable price and quality parameter of the products simultaneously. Focusing on the long term customer sustainability, the company has been structuring the marketing plan and business functional ities sequentially. Target Audience Segment Analysis Cotton On offers the high quality clothes to the customers at very affordable prices. The company maintains the style segments of the latest trends in the society (Zheng, J.H., Shen, B., Chow, P.S. and Chiu, C.H., 2013). The major target customers of the company are men, women, and young generations. More specifically, it can be stated that the primary target market of Cotton On is the youth group of 15-30 years old. The customers are simply the seeker of trendy and simple style segments. They usually opt for the fashion clothes, which are flexible yet fashionable enough to wear. The company promotes the ready-to-wear fashion garments with the same brand image. The youth group is much fascinated about the effective promotional strategies that will attract their attention instantly (Kapferer 2012). Concentrating on such requirement, the company is following the structured communication plan. Communication or Advertising Strategies Development The maintenance of the proper communication process is essential for drawing the customer attention (Rosenbaum-Elliott et al. 2015). The effective advertising strategy helps in enhancing the brand awareness among the target customers. It is essential to keep the concentration on such effective strategy that is beneficial for the future business sustainability. Moreover, the companies will be communicating with the customers to gather more supports. The effective communication strategy is thus analysed further: Brand Awareness: Establishment of the brand awareness is essential for each of the organisations. Cotton On is also not an exception. The company is much ambitious about drawing the attention of the target customers. It has focused on driving more sales through online sources. Therefore, it is notified that the company has invested a high amount of capitals on social media presence. It is to be indicated that Cotton On is considered as one of the fastest growing retailers in the Australian market (Lea-Greenwood 2013). The growth of the sales ratio has reached up to 20% per year. This ratio was seen for the past five years and this year it has been projected to reach at least A$1.5 billion. The company is trying to enhance the brand awareness by promoting the products through the online sites. There is the online page where the customers can post their reviews about their experiences. The social media strategy undertaken is following the creative feature that is attracting the custome rs in a significant way (Gabrielli, Baghi and Codeluppi 2013). Apparently, it has been noticed that the brand has put the social icons on the front page. In this current world, people are much fond of the online social sites. The innovative features maintained in these websites are attracting the customers in a significant way. Influence Interests or Consumer Attitudes: In order to promote the communication strategy, it is important to concentrate on the customers demands. It is noted that the brand preferences depended on the specific needs and demands in a prominent way. Similarly, Cotton On has been focusing on the customers preferences by reviewing the customers attributes and needs (Foxall 2014). The presence of the online pages is thus quite appreciable in such regards. It has been seen that the customers can post their queries and feedbacks, which is visible to the companies and the other members. Moreover, if any concern is supposed to be raised to the customer case executives, the company will be able to know the preferences of the customers (Yeshin 2012). If the products are acceptable to the customers, it will promote the brand. Moreover, it will be helpful enough in establishing the positive word of mouth as well. Promoting Companys Knowledge: It is to be indicated that the company requires enhancing the knowledge regarding the customers preferences. The ability of resolving the customers queries creates the sense of reliability on customers minds. It is to be noted that the online presence is a way to understand the needs and requirements of the customers. Therefore, it is to be stated that the consumers can opt for any queries. In such regards, the employees should be knowledgeable enough to be responsive towards their queries (Thorson and Moore 2013). The enhancements of the knowledge are thus essential for the employees. More information will be available in the official websites; will promote the knowledge of the company more specifically. Alternative Styles of Creative Advertising The company requires opening a separate online page for communicating with the service executives. The maintenance of the communicational transparency is essential to provide the insightful idea about the quality and the brand (Lusch and Vargo 2014). The service executives will be available for 24*7 and they will fulfil the entire queries of the customers. If the customers are obtaining the knowledge about the product specification, it will increase the sense of reliability. The major motto of the company is to be responsive enough towards the brand that is to be offered. Therefore, the employees can present their expectations about the latest fashion trends. The fashionable garment with proper price is always the first preference to the customers (Shimp and Andrews 2012). If the customers can communicate with the service executives, it will be effective enough for the company to know the basic needs and requirements. While undertaking such advertisement strategies, the company needs to concentrate on the ethical issues. While communicating with the employees, the company needs to keep the focus on the ethical considerations. One of the major ethical concerns of the business is to provide the authentic business information to customers (Luxton, Reid and Mavondo 2015). Especially, when the company is trying to communicate with the customers through the online media, it is necessary to maintain the authenticity. It is essential to determine that the customers have been receiving the proper information. Moreover, the business ethics considers the delivery of the high quality products (Duncan and Caywood 2013). The fashionable garments have to be higher in quality as promised by the company. However, it is seen that in order to keep the quality high, the company require more capital to invest on the high quality garment materials. Hence, it becomes tough to keep the price lower with such high quality. The issue thus becomes much prominent for the ethical business practices. Media Plan The different advertisement strategies are structured to promote the brand identity among the target customers. It helps in enhancing the business profitability by generating the customers supports for long run (McHugh 2013). Cotton On is the popular fashion brand that maintains the effective fashionable garments for men, women and children. However, the focus on the youth group requires the attractive advertising strategy that can draw the attention of the customers (Hollensen 2015). In order to undertake the effective advertising strategy, the brand can organise a fashion show for the youth group (Puligadda, DelVecchio and Gilbreath 2014). The arrangements of such fashion show will be appreciable, as the youth group are much fascinated about such events. Moreover, when the customers can experience the fashionable approaches through such events, it becomes much attractive to them. In fact, these events are even gathering the crowd to broadcast the latest fashions, which are influenc ing the interests of the target group. Based on such media advertisement media, the company can communicate with the target customers well. In fact, the proper communication and the feedback received from the target customers are necessary to understand the exact needs and requirements of the target group (Pauwels, Erguncu and Yildirim 2013). Therefore, while designing the garments, the fashion production can concentrate on such demands. The social media is thus much helpful in making the people aware of such events. The venues and time will be reported to the customers through television advertisements, hoardings, and social media sites. The feedback session will be gathering the crowd to derive the responses of the customers regarding the product experience. Hence, it is one of the most effective communication channels, which can be beneficial for the company to understand the customers needs. Evaluation The adopted communication plan is helpful enough in gathering the crowd and generating feedbacks from the customers. It is noted that the generated review will be helpful for the company to bring innovations to the production house. However, it is necessary to measure the progressive report. It is important to analyse the effectiveness of such initiative. The events will be organised for a month and in weekends on the supermarket area. The youth group mostly visit such places on weekends. Hence, it has been seen that the customers are much interested in joining such crowd and share their experiences. When the company will be able to generate feedbacks, it will be beneficial to understand the latest style segment that can be used while designing the clothes. The progress report is needed to be reviewed frequently. In fact, in case of any changes, the marketing manager will be structuring the plan accordingly. Hence, it is necessary to structure the communication plan and work as per t he responses derived from the customers. The evaluation will be based on the frequent communication process, which is essential. The structured budget will also be planned accordingly. The review of the weekly report will be presented to the marketing manager to measure the progress. Conclusion Marketing communication plan is essential for establishing the brand awareness among the customers. the effective brand identity ensures the business success by generating the customers supports. Most of the organisations undertake several marketing strategies to promote the brand and draw the customers attention. Hence, it is necessary to identify the fruitful marketing communication process, which will be beneficial for business sustainability. The study is associated with the marketing communication plan undertaken by Cotton On, which is a renowned fashion retail brand in Australian market. The communication plan is generally indicates the process of generating feedbacks from the customers to understand their demands and requirements. The target youth group has the keen interest on fashion show on weekend. The shared experiences through social media will also be helpful in generating feedbacks. However, the availability of the service executives is also necessary. The executives a re needed to be knowledgeable enough to fulfil the queries of the customers. Hence, the communicational transparency is essential. Eventually, the review of the event report will be helpful enough in undertaking the proper communication process. References Cottonon.com, 2016. Cotton On | Womens, Mens, Kids Baby Clothes, Gifts More. [online] Cottonon.com. Available at: https://cottonon.com/AU/ [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Duncan, T. and Caywood, C., 2013. Marketing Communication.Integrated Communication: Synergy of Persuasive Voices, p.13. Foxall, G., 2014.Corporate Innovation (RLE Marketing): Marketing and Strategy. Routledge. Gabrielli, V., Baghi, I. and Codeluppi, V., 2013. Consumption practices of fast fashion products: a consumer-based approach.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,17(2), pp.206-224. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lea-Greenwood, G., 2013.Fashion marketing communications. John Wiley Sons. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Luxton, S., Reid, M. and Mavondo, F., 2015. Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), pp.37-46. McHugh, P., 2013.The development of process indicators for science communication using social marketing and innovation theory(Doctoral dissertation). Pauwels, K., Erguncu, S. and Yildirim, G., 2013. Winning hearts, minds and sales: How marketing communication enters the purchase process in emerging and mature markets.International Journal of Research in Marketing,30(1), pp.57-68. Puligadda, S., DelVecchio, D. and Gilbreath, B., 2014. Meaningful marketing: A process investigation of how consumers reward noninterruptive, nonpersuasive marketing communication.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(5), pp.325-338. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Percy, L., Elliott, R.H. and Pervan, S., 2015.Strategic brand management. Oxford University Press, USA. Shimp, T.A. and Andrews, J.C., 2012.Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Thorson, E. and Moore, J., 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Yeshin, T., 2012.Integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Zheng, J.H., Shen, B., Chow, P.S. and Chiu, C.H., 2013. The impact of the strategic advertising on luxury fashion brands with social influences.Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2013.

Inventory Fixed Asset Management in Hospital free essay sample

Many research works are carried out and many more post graduates are passing out yearly. There is a systematic growth of the university in various forms i. e. expansion of courses, constructing new buildings for various departments, improving the quality of study, providing a good ,healthy and sound environment for the researchers and students. There is also a hostel facility for all the researchers and the students since from establishment of the university. Recently our university has celebrated â€Å"GOLDEN JUBLEE FUNCTION† for the successful completion of 50 years of education growth. The facilities of the students are increasing day by day . There are many departments in the university and it is providing service to students in the S. V. University. The maintenance of this Health Center is carried out by Sr. Medical Officer, Jr. Medical Officers and working staff. The services to all the patients are provided with excellence. It is having five departments providing services to the patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory Fixed Asset Management in Hospital or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are special department known as the Psychological Department that takes the special counseling to the persons who are psychologically depressed. The services like X-Ray and the Ultra Sound are also provided. With every going day the need to be where the inflow of out patient request exceeds that which can be handled manually. Hence computerization of OP receipt request and maintenance of the drugs through the computerization brings better satisfaction and service oriented ness. Quicker processing of OPNO receipt would mean better service to the patients . It would also help in the complexity of maintaining the records manually and thus less time is wasted on rework. Proper maintenance of the drug information timely dispatching of the drugs from the main stores to the pharmacy and also maintenance of daily dispatching of the drugs to the out patients from the pharmacy to the out patients . Towards this achievement the computerization of the Health Center will help greatly in maintaining pf proper information about the out patients who are eligible for the free services and the patients who are not eligible for the free services , drug information , patients records ,and daily dispatching of the drugs to various patients .

Challenges of the Youth Essays

Challenges of the Youth Essays Challenges of the Youth Essay Challenges of the Youth Essay Essay Topic: Everything I Never Told You Challenges of the Youth BY JDN21 Abusive Parents By: Jeremiah Ngiratreged 587-8868/778-5668 Palau Mission Academy In times like these, when faith often proves in vain, many turn away from what is right. The toughest challenges that the youth face often begin at home. It is hard to say what truly drives human beings to be so careless and cruel, but we can say this for sure, all people have the potential to be monsters. The duty of a parent is to protect, to nurture, and to teach their children. Some parents simply toss this responsibility to the wind, and leave the future of a child to chance. I have seen and eard many stories of many children being abandoned, abused, and apprehended. Can children really be blamed for criminal actions? Is everything that they do really a reflection of who they are, or is it all nothing more than a voice crying out in desperation to be heard by someone? Sometimes actions are the only way people know how to communicate with each other. Many of the youth today, not only have to face the challenges of school, and work, but must also have to face the trials of their own home. A few years ago, I had a friend who had been one of the smartest, strongest, and most inspirational people I had ever known. She was someone that I had always looked up to. She was always kind, always loving, always willing to do what was right and a great friend to everyone she met, but somehow she never seemed happy. One day she came to school looking hurt and miserable and wouldnt respond to anyone. I asked her what was wrong and pleaded with her to be completely honest. She made me promise not to tell anyone about anything she was about to tell me. I made her that promise, and she rolled up her sleeve. Her arm was had been abused by her parents the night before, but what shocked me even more as the fact that she told me this had been happening for 2 years and no one had ever known. I had been the first person she told, and the last. As her best friend I kept my promise and never told anyone, thinking that I was doing the right thing. A month later, she died. She had taken her own life. Her parents were caught, arrested, lost everything they had, and everyone finally knew the truth, but it was too late. Years later that memory still haunts me and still I regret never saying anything. I wish I could go back, wish I could change the past, because though promises are meant to e kept, some must be broken! My friend, who I will not name, paid the ultimate price at the hands of her own parents, and for what? She never did anything wrong! Abusive parents not only endanger the lives of their own children, but of everyone around them as well! What is it that drives a parent or guardian to be such a monster? There are many reasons, but one of the most common reasons is alcohol. Alcohol affects the brain it warps your mind, and deters your Judgment. It brings out the worst in you, and makes you do things that you would never normally do. It can eighten your anxiety levels making you more prone to being easily angered, annoyed, or abusive! It is a very dangerous thing, and because of it, many lives have been lost and taken. It is highly addictive, which makes its appeal to people even stronger. Many find it extremely hard if not impossible to quit. Because of this, many kids even fear going home. Staying at a friends house, finding excuses to be late, doing everything in their power to avoid being near their own parents are all desperate attempts of children trying to escape the harsh reality of them being eaten, sexually abused, or worse. Many will grow up angry and bitter, with both psychological and physical damage. Most will follow their parents example and become alcoholics themselves, thus starting the cycle over again. How many more of these children have to suffer? How many more have to die? How many more have to go through hell and back, before somebody realizes all this must stop?! A childs parent is their whole world, their light in the dark, their shelter from the storm. The time span of childhood to adulthood is the most important time of all. It is at this ime when every child learns whats right and whats wrong, whats up and whats down, who they are and who they want to be. This is the time of their life where they need the most support. Parents are not only caregivers, they are living examples, and if a parent is doing nothing but beating their child, pushing them around, or yelling at them constantly, they are doing nothing but destroying their child, and creating a monster! What you reap is what you sow, and one day when that child grows up the only thing that parent will see in him is a reflection of himself as a parent. This doesnt have to happen, in fact this was never how the world was suppose to be, and though we cannot end parental abuse we can prevent and limit it! It is my hope that one day we will all wake up from this nightmare. That every home will be filled with love, that every child will grow up happy, healthy, live long prosperous lives, and that no one ever has to go through the pain of losing a loved one to abuse ever again! For I know the plans I have for you, so says the Lord, Plans to help you not to harm you, to give you hope and a future. -Jeremiah 29:11

Bridging Social Sciences Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bridging Social Sciences - Assignment Example Some crimes may be committed in the name of honor, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices that have proved harmful to the lives of the women like forced marriages. Some violence against women may be penetrated by the state or state officials for example sexual slavery, forced displacement at workplaces and trafficking of the women for the purposes of sexual and economic exploitations that may result into violation of human rights of women Violence against women is a vice that is collectively an act that is committed exclusively against women. Some times this type of violence targets a specific group of people with gender victims as main motive (Owoh, K., 1998). Violence against women has been a manifestation of unequal power relation between women and men making it to become a crucial social mechanism through which women are forced in the subordinate positions when compared to men. The calculated data resulting from the motivated violence against women by their intimate partners are estimated to have greater impact both on the direct and indirect individual and public costs. These costs are related to suffering health issues, employment cost among very many other issues. The main cause of domestic violence against women has been struggle for power. The consequence of this vice of the domestic violence against women may be both psychological and physical and may be so devastating that to some people it might be seen as some form of torture. Because of the pervasiveness and the prevalence of this vice in almost all parts of the world, domestic violence has become too common that it affects not only women and their children but also affects the entire community As a result of the pervasiveness of the vice of domestic violence against women in almost all parts of the world, the society must consider and react to this vice with a comprehensive

Professionalism and Ethics in Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professionalism and Ethics in Surveying - Essay Example The ethical conduct for a professional surveyor thus dictates that licensees shall engage in the practice of conducting land survey in an ethical manner while at the same time being familiar with the appropriate and recognized codes of the land surveying ethics. Considering the ethics, liability and legal manners for a professional surveyor, a surveyor should justify his actions at all times, be able to demonstrate personal commitment in abiding by the ethical standards in maintaining integrity of professionalism. As part of the liability, it is necessary for the surveyor to uncover sufficient facts in regards to the property being attracted through acting as a fact finder. The quality of these outcomes forms the mark of a professional. As a minimum requirement, the surveyor engaging in looking, finding or using property corner monuments assumes the responsibility of obtaining the copies of all necessary adjoiner conveyances called for in the legal description furnished, obtain all m aps called for, and obtain the pertinent recorder adjoined surveys. The surveyor will also obtain the available public agency maps and when dealing with GLO states, obtain government township plats and field notes. All of these are essential for enhancing the ethics, liability and legal aspects when dealing with corner monuments (Eccles & Kingston University, 1995). Corner monuments are the parcels or lines of easements that are only possible to visualize on the ground through setting markers or with aid of survey monuments.

Quality Management Plan for BookTek Media Inc Essay

Quality Management Plan for BookTek Media Inc - Essay Example 5). BookTek Media Inc can use the profile of its customers to come with an online system that conforms to the needs of the customers. This means the system should allow for key word searches in multiple word combinations. This will go a long way in taking care for unexpected key word searches that the customer may use while looking for a book. Apart from being active on a 24-hour basis, the company should ensure that the system is most accessible during the period when the customers are most active (Ludwig-Becker, 2008, p.10). Since BookTek has been having an almost perfect interaction with its customers, the online system must ensure this level of interaction is maintained. Thus, the ordering system will have an option where the customer can leave a message and that message will be responded to within a specified period depending on the agency of the message. BookTek should also consider using effective and informed purchasing decision-making through subject-specific acquisition pro files, digitized preview information and list of recommendations tailored to the requirements of the customer (Phillips, 2011, p. 11). The ordering system should allow the customers to have a look at the content pages of the material that they want to order. BookTek will also require an ordering system that seamlessly integrates and displays updated bibliographic metadata in real-time mode directly on the company’s website. Quality management in an online environment can be challenging especially where the company offering the services does not know the kind of customers that are going to require its products. The ordering system that BookTek is going to implement should thus allow for a multilingual catalogue search in specialist titles that must be finely differentiated using the sub-categories in subjects (Fox, 2009, p. 5). Therefore, to ensure quality of service delivery, the system that BookTek Media is going to implement must provide filters that distinguish the type of work available, media type, language, and the subject category. The ordering system for BookTek will need to provide mechanisms through which the company can communicate with the customer and vice versa (Scott, 2010, p. 24). Thus, BookTek Media must employ alerting services such as RSS feeds. Consequently, BookTek Media will use the customer feedback information as a yardstick in evaluating the success of its products to the customers and identify ways of improving the system. In order to remain competitive in the online book market, BookTek will require to integrate web interfaces in its ordering system that assist the customer service team to organize the selection of important criteria with a view of creating a personalized list of books and materials that are available in the store. For instance, the system may consider using web-based services like Web2Print expo facility that allows for a direct combination of books a specific bookseller or buyer (Mould, 2006, p. 3). The faci lity also should allow for automated delivery of information to the customer after subscription so that such customers remain informed about the new arrivals (Phillips, 2011, p. 14). Case Study 2 Demand for cash (D = $ 17,000 per day = $ 5,185,000 per year â€Å"305 working day†). Interest rate currently charged (CC = 9% â€Å"0.09†). Charges a loan origination fee (CO = $ 1200 Plus P1= 2.25%â€Å"0.0225†) If she take $500,000 or more the Bank will lower the loan origination fee from 2.25% to / P2=2% â€Å"0.02†). Loan takes (L= 15 day). Economic order quantity (EOQ): Q =  =  Q=$371,842.26 Loan amount per lone. No. of loans per year: Number of loans =  =  = 13.94 (14 Loans per year).

Importance of Research in Nursing Practice and Theories

Importance of Research in Nursing Practice and Theories Introduction This essay will consider the definition of nursing research, different types of research and design, and why research is important in nursing practice. It will also illustrate examples of research influencing practice, and make recommendations for current or future practice. Main Body Nursing research can be defined as any scientific (i.e. systematic) enquiry into the effectiveness or value of nursing practice (Parahoo, 1997; Sullivan, 1998; Polit Beck, 2004). It denotes any empirical evidence on which nursing care is based. This includes both quantitative and qualitative research evidence (Comack, 1996). Qualitative research essentially entails analysis of individual subjective experience. It focuses on meanings and experiences as conveyed for example through philosophies such as grounded theory, phenomenology, discourse analysis, and experientialism (Coolican, 1994). Data collection is typically in the form of interviews, case studies, and systematic observation, while data analysis generally involves the identification of themes, for example through thematic analysis. Quantitative research relies on positivist philosophy, where only measurable phenomena are considered worthy of investigation. Randomised clinical trials (i.e. controlled experiments) are the preferred method of inquiry albeit questionnaire and archive-based surveys, in the form of retrospective or prospective designs, and other methodologies, may also be used. Data analysis is based on statistical tests (Howitt Cramer, 2005). Why is research important? Given the growing emphasis on evidence-based practice in nursing care across the Western world (Sullivan, 1998), there is a need for an ample body of accumulated empirical evidence to which nurses can refer in order to inform clinical practice (Polit Beck, 2004). Any responsible and accountable vocation claiming to be a profession, and answerable to a professional body, requires an empirical evidence base. This is the only way that standards of practice can be evaluated and improved, for the benefit of the general public. The value of empirical evidence, as contrasted with casual observation and anecdotes, is that it is systematic and typically obtained under controlled conditions. Research enables nursing practice to keep pace with a rapidly changing world in which health care practices must continually improve to meet changing and ever more demanding patient expectations and requirements (Eastabrooks, 1998). Only through continued research activity can a ppropriate evidence-based ‘best practice’ guidelines be introduced to ensure the good quality nursing care (Ring et al, 2005). Examples where research influences nursing practice aren’t difficult to find (Polit Beck, 2004). A review of electronic databases such as Internurse, High-Wire Press, Science Direct, and Academic Search Premier, yields an abundance of quantitative and qualitative studies on nursing practice. Five varied examples are as follows, including both quantitative and qualitative research; Meyer et al (2002); Barr et al (2005); Hughes Umeh (2005); Ring et al (2005), and Lee Knight (2006). Meyer et al (2002) conducted a randomised clinical trial contrasting the effectiveness of two different bandaging techniques nurses use for treating venous leg ulcers. The study showed that ulcers treated with higher compression bandaging didn’t heal any quicker than ulcers administered lower compression bandages. Barr et al (2005) studied archived data of all self-harm patients who presented at A E units over a given period, to ascertain the extent to which nurses carry out psychosocial assessment. It emerged that nurses do not always conducted psychological evaluations, as stipulated. However, patients were more likely to be assessed if they were considered ‘high risk’. Hughes and Umeh (2005) studied stresses experienced by nurses at work. Extremely heavy and stressful workloads can impair the quality of nursing care, for example by increasing the frequency of sick leave. Certain nursing groups may be more susceptible to stress, with implications for clinical practice. This study was based on a questionnaire survey, administered to general and psychiatric nurses. Analysis revealed that general nurses experienced more stress than their psychiatric counterparts, notably in the absence of social support from colleagues, friends, and family. Ring et al (2005) employed a qualitative design to evaluate the degree to which nurses adhere to best practice statements (BPS) in clinical practice. BPS reduce variations in the quality of care patients receive, and hence is a fundamental component of clinical practice. The methodology involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a small group of registered nurses involved in the formulation of BPS. Several themes emerged from the data, indicating considerable variation in the implementation of BPS. Hareendran et al (2005) also used a qualitative method. This study aimed to establish the effect that venous leg ulcers may have on a patients’ quality of life. Patients suffering from venous ulcers attended semi-structured interviews and completed a questionnaire. Interview transcripts showed that ulcers caused uncomfortable symptoms (e.g. itching, pain, interrupted sleep) in the majority of patients. Furthermore, one-half of patients were dissatisfied with the quality of care they received. Clearly, these examples illustrate how research evidence can influence clinical practice. For example, Meyer et al’s (2002) study could facilitate understanding of the impact of bandaging, and improve care delivery, such that ulcer patients aren’t unnecessarily inconvenienced by highly compressed bandaging which clearly isn’t going to speed up recovery. Hughes and Umeh’s (2005) study may lead to better redistribution of workloads, and more potent social support systems, thereby maintain the quality of care nurses dispense. Despite the advantages, there are significant barriers to research utilisation. Consider the notion of best practice guidelines. These are standards firmly rooted in empirical research, consistent with ethos of evidence-based practice. However, nurses have identified considerable hindrances to such evidence-based practice (Polit Beck, 2004), including a lack of resource, deficient training, a general apathy towards change amongst nursing staff, multidisciplinary issues that are difficult to resolve, and a lack of inspirational clinical leadership at local level (Ring et al, 2005). One way to resolve these hindrances is clearly by improving nurse training, for example, in how to translate raw research findings into practice, and/or liase with other health professionals in working out how best to implement a best-practice statement. Nurses can also be encouraged to form and/or join a journal club (Wikipedia, 2006). This is essentially a group of individuals who convene on a regular ba sis to review recent empirical findings and perhaps work out feasible modalities to translate evidence into practice. Conclusion Overall undertaking rigorous research and translating evidence into practice are indispensable elements in the development of any profession, and nursing practice is no exception. On a positive note there is continued (and growing emphasis) on evidence-based nursing practice, supported by both the Department of Health, and Nursing Midwifery Practice Development Unit (NMPDU). Despite inconsistent implementation, nursing care is likely to continue to benefit from empirical research. However, on a less optimist note, a review of nursing research indicates a paucity of randomised clinical trials. The bulk of empirical evidence appears to be based on less rigorous research methodologies, making it difficult to establish causal relationships. For example, although qualitative evidence has revealed potential barriers to research utilisation, it isn’t certain there is a causal link between these factors. Future research needs to redress this imbalance. Bibliography Barr, W., Leitner, M. Thomas, J. (2005) Psychosocial assessment of patients who attend an accident and emergency department with self-harm. Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 12, pp.130-138. Coolican, H. (1994) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Hodder Stoughton. Cormack, D. (2000) The Research Process in Nursing: Fourth Edition. London: Blackwell Science. Eastabrooks, C.A. (1998) Will evidence-based nursing practice make practice perfect. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. 30, pp.15-36. Lee, S. Knight, D. (2006) District nurses’ involvement in mental health: an exploratory survey. British Journal of Community Nursing, 11, pp.138-142. Hafner, J., Botonakis, I. Burg, G. (2000) A Comparison of Multilayer Bandage Systems During Rest, Exercise, and Over 2 Days of Wear Time. Archives of Dematology, 136, pp.857-863. Hareendran. A., Bradbury, A., Budd, J., Geroulakos, G., Hobbs, R., Kenkre J. Symonds, T. (2005) Measuring the impact of venous leg ulcers on quality of life. Journal of Wound Care, 14, pp.53-57. Howitt, D. Cramer, D. (2005) Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology. London: Pearson. Hughes, H. Umeh, K. (2005) Work stress differentials between psychiatric and general nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 14, pp.802-808. Meyer, F.J., Burnand, K.G., Lagattolla, N.R.F. Eastham, D. (2002) Randomised clinical trial comparing the efficacy of two bandaging regimens in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. British Journal of Surgery, 89, pp.40-44. Parahoo K. (1997). Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues. Basingstoke: Macmillan Polit D.F. Beck C.T. (2004) Nursing Research Principles and Methods (7th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott. O’Brien, J.F., Grace, P.A., Perry, I.J., Hannigan, A., Moloney, M.C. Burke, P.E. (2003) Randomised clinical trial and economic analysis of four-layer compression bandaging for venous ulcers. British Journal of Surgery. 90, pp.794-798. Ring, N., Malcolm, C., Coull, A., Murphy-Black, T. Watterson, A. (2005) Nursing best practice statements: an exploration of their implementation in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, pp.1048-1058. Sullivan P (1998) Developing evidence-based care in mental health nursing. Nursing Standard. 12, pp.35-38. Wikipedia (2006 Journal Club [online] MediaWiki: Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_club [Accessed April 15 2007]

Masculine Discrepancies on the Frontier: James Fenimore Coopers Ideal

Masculine Discrepancies on the Frontier: James Fenimore Cooper's Ideal American Man Within the genre of the frontier novel, great consideration is given to early American ideals of masculinity. According to Aiping Zhang, in his article "The Negotiation of Manhood: James Fenimore Cooper's Ideology of Manhood in The Last of the Mohicans," James Fenimore Cooper was exceedingly interested in developing a new American definition of the ideal man. Zhang writes that "masculinity was always one of the primary issues in [Cooper's] life and his writings as well . . . the selection . . . of (the) male figures in The Last of the Mohicans must have a lot to do with his personal search for the ideal image of American man'' (2). With the realization that his writings could promote a new definition of the ideal American man, Cooper presented the male characters in The Last of the Mohicans as either well-suited or ill-fitted for frontier life, which Cooper metaphorically substitutes for early America. Thus, if a male character is able to survive and adapt to the frontier life, Cooper implies that this is the new ideal for the American male. Zhang suggests that Cooper does not provide a single definition for this new ideal of American manliness; however, I find that Cooper does put forth a clear aversion towards the sentimental male, whom he paints as incapable of surviving the frontier. He presents David Gamut, the master of psalmody, as a sentimental male who behaves spontaneously and inappropriately on the frontier. At times, when all the other characters--including the women--are behaving with vigilance, Cooper describes Gamut's behavior as rather absent-minded, such that Gamut sings during battle while the other characters flee. Throug... ...entimental male in The Last of the Mohicans, and it is clear that his inappropriate presence on the frontier is Cooper's way of negating sentimentality as part of the new ideal of American manliness. Works Cited Brady, Corey. Virginia Cope, Michael Millner, Ana Mitric, Kent Puckett Danny Siegel, Eds. A Dictionary of Sensibility. 20 Nov. 200l. <http://www.engl.viginia.edu/%7Eenec981/dictionary/contributors.htm> Cooper, James Fenimore. The Last of the Mohicans. New York: Bantam, 1989. Zhang, Aiping. "The Negotiation of Manhood: James Fenimore Cooper's Ideology of Manhood in The Last of the Mohicans." Papers from the 1999 Cooper Seminar (No. 12) James Fenimore Cooper. His Country and His Art, The State University of New York College at Oneonta, Hugh C. MacDougall, Ed. 21 Nov. 2001 <http://www.Oneonta.edu/external/cooper/articles/1999suny-zhang.html>